Physics

Relativity and nuclear sketch

Time dilation, length contraction, decay, cross-section.

Basics

Special relativity

c is the same in every inertial frame. Moving clocks run slow; lengths contract along the motion. Simultaneity is relative. Energy and momentum join a four-vector.

Nuclear reactions

Conserved: nucleon number (approx.), charge, energy–momentum. Cross-section is how “big” a target looks. Chain reactions need neutron multiplication. Shielding is matter, distance, and time.

Formulas

Lorentz factor

γ = 1 / √(1 − v²/c²)

Δt = γ Δτ, L = L₀ / γ. γ grows as v approaches c.

Symbols

γ Lorentz factor

Relativistic energy

E² = (p c)² + (m c²)²

At rest E=mc². For light (m=0), E=pc.

In this field

Mechanics

Kinematics, Newton, momentum, circular motion.

Energy and work

Work, kinetic and potential energy, power, conservation.

Waves and thermodynamics

Oscillation, waves, sound, heat, entropy.

Electromagnetism and modern physics

Charge, fields, basic circuits, photons, mass–energy.

Fluids and optics

Pressure, buoyancy, Bernoulli, lenses, interference.

Quantum sketch

Photons, matter waves, uncertainty.

Gravity and orbits

Newton's gravity, Kepler, surface g, and circular orbits.

Rotation

Angular velocity, moment of inertia, torque, angular momentum, rolling.

SHM and resonance

Springs and pendulums, energy swap, damping, driving, and resonance.

Electrostatics

Coulomb force, electric field, potential, and a Gauss-law sketch.

Magnetostatics

Lorentz force, Biot–Savart, Ampère, and the solenoid.